Daily Dose of Exercise
Daily exercise is necessary for good health. It reduces obesity, improves blood circulation and oxygen supply as well as stimulates metabolism. This prevents diseases such as cancer, high blood pressure, stroke, heart attack and diabetes. It also boosts the immune system and prevents infections taking hold in our bodies.
The recommended daily dose of exercise is thirty minutes for adults and forty five minutes for kids; moderate exertion such as brisk walking is the minimum required.
Young people more than adults have high basal metabolic rate, which is the burning of calories at rest through such processes as heart beat, breathing and tissue respiration to stay alive. [What is not used is stored as glycogen and fats]. It is higher for young people because they need to grow. Growth requires the breakdown of fats, conversion of glycogen to glucose and breakdown of glucose to provide energy in the form of ATP. These processes are gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis and glycolysis. The ATP is then used to lay down structures(synthesize mainly proteins from amino acids and some fats from respiratory intermediates). Growth hormone activates the thyroid hormone which speeds metabolism, itself activated by testosterone, which decreases with age. It should be noted that when we eat a lot, more insulin is released. It mimics the growth hormone only in as much as it stimulates structure lay down and glucose breakdown. It, however, leads to excess fat storage if glucose breakdown is not commensurate with supply and this in turn promotes insulin resistance and diabetes, in the long run, when fats from glucose can no longer be stored.
Apart from growth which it stimulates, exercise also uses up energy resources, for the movement of body parts and this reduces body weight, mainly fat. In excess, however, protein breakdown becomes apparent with exercise as it is in disorders with excess secretion of growth or thyroid hormone. As we age our tissue breaks down more. We need both tailored dose of exercise and good diet with micronutients to try to balance this up, especially, since growth hormone synthesis and release decrease with age.
Stress such as in an infection or psychological trauma leads to release of stress hormones, namely adrenaline and corticosteroids, which cause mobilization of glucose from stores through glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis and lead to weight loss, but since there is no corresponding breakdown of glucose through glycolysis, this leads to increase in blood sugar or diabetes with its complications.
Dr Oliver V. Birnso
The recommended daily dose of exercise is thirty minutes for adults and forty five minutes for kids; moderate exertion such as brisk walking is the minimum required.
Young people more than adults have high basal metabolic rate, which is the burning of calories at rest through such processes as heart beat, breathing and tissue respiration to stay alive. [What is not used is stored as glycogen and fats]. It is higher for young people because they need to grow. Growth requires the breakdown of fats, conversion of glycogen to glucose and breakdown of glucose to provide energy in the form of ATP. These processes are gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis and glycolysis. The ATP is then used to lay down structures(synthesize mainly proteins from amino acids and some fats from respiratory intermediates). Growth hormone activates the thyroid hormone which speeds metabolism, itself activated by testosterone, which decreases with age. It should be noted that when we eat a lot, more insulin is released. It mimics the growth hormone only in as much as it stimulates structure lay down and glucose breakdown. It, however, leads to excess fat storage if glucose breakdown is not commensurate with supply and this in turn promotes insulin resistance and diabetes, in the long run, when fats from glucose can no longer be stored.
Apart from growth which it stimulates, exercise also uses up energy resources, for the movement of body parts and this reduces body weight, mainly fat. In excess, however, protein breakdown becomes apparent with exercise as it is in disorders with excess secretion of growth or thyroid hormone. As we age our tissue breaks down more. We need both tailored dose of exercise and good diet with micronutients to try to balance this up, especially, since growth hormone synthesis and release decrease with age.
Stress such as in an infection or psychological trauma leads to release of stress hormones, namely adrenaline and corticosteroids, which cause mobilization of glucose from stores through glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis and lead to weight loss, but since there is no corresponding breakdown of glucose through glycolysis, this leads to increase in blood sugar or diabetes with its complications.
Dr Oliver V. Birnso
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