Preventing Type 2 diabetes Mellitus
I have tried to explain, as simply as I can, diabetes mellitus, the types, risk factors, how to control it, when to prevent it and how. The good news is that type 2 diabetes which is more common is preventable even if genes may play a significant role in it. It should be pointed out that type 2 diabetes may eventually convert to the type 1, if poorly controlled and managed, as the high plasma glucose will eventually destroy the islets cells that produce insulin. The resulting types 1 and 2 mix, from this conversion, makes management even the more difficult. Although genes may play some role in diabetes, we can modify the genes by making some lifestyle modifications, mainly exercise, maintaining a healthy weight and eating nuts, fruits and vegetables, all of which are rich in fiber and micronutrients.
Type 2 diabetes is more common than type 1 diabetes. While type 1 occurs mostly in childhood, due to autoimmunity(your body making antibodies to destroy your beta cells of the islets), making you to need and depend on exogenous insulin, type 2 diabetes occurs mostly in adulthood as a result of increased fat in the body that leads to diminished reponse to insulin, which is still being secreted but has become less effective in stimulating cells to take up glucose. Inflammation and toxins will also diminish the efficacy of insulin to its receptor.
Type two diabetes can be prevented by weight loss, controlled and prevented by constant exercise(physical activity) and is usually treated by drugs that bypass(circumvent) insulin and cause glucose to be taken up into your cells directly. It is more difficult to prevent type 1 diabetes, not being able to predict when it will strike and mindful of the difficulty involved in modulating immunity. Usually tests will reveal low C-peptide in blood or antibodies against beta cells of the pancreas.
Non-insulin dependent, type 2 diabetes may run in families and predictors include weight gain problems.
Some infections can damage the islet cells and produce insulin deficiency,Type 1 diabetes, in adulthood. Type 1 diabetes does occur but rarely in adulthood due to autoimmunity.
The major differentiating thing between the two types of diabetes is that in type 1 there is little insulin, while in type 2 the insulin level is too high; C-peptde is low in type 1 diabetes and high in type 2. C-peptide is made and used to synthesize insulin.
Type 2 diabetes, which is more common in adulthood, starts with frequent and profused urination, thirst and the urge to drink water too often. This is because sugar is not taken up by cells and is instead sent out in urine. The sugar caries with it a lot of water, hence the frequent urination. The thirst is to replace the water loss, to reduce the glucose hypermolarity in plasma and to correct the dehydration. Hunger, since glucose fails to enter into the cell and be converted into energy, and fatigue will follow.
Before this happens, the person will have first acummulated a lot of fat (mainly from glucose) in the body and this will have reulted in the loss of the body's capacity to accomodate additional fat. The body will have secreted more insulin in the failed attempt to alleviate the decreased glucose uptake. The insulin, which is also a ' growth hormone' will have increased the muscle mass. By this time the person has become big in size from both fat and muscle lay down. Losing weight at this stage is remedial. This is pre-diabetes.
Now, when this increase in insulin fails to cause additional fat build-up, as excess fat may have scrambled and shielded insulin receptors, glucose, from which fat comes, fails to enter the cells and instead stays in blood and is passed out in urine. At this time, the person rapidly begins to lose weight both from water loss and the inability of sugar to be taken up into cells and be converted into fat, as well as transduced into ATP for protein synthesis. Excess glucose taken up in the pancreas begins to destroy islets cells.
Weight loss will not reverse the course of the disease at this stage. Exercise(physical activity) usually sensitizes the cells to take up glucose even when insulin becomes less effective in its function and is a major factor in preventing and controlling type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Dr. Oliver Verbe Birnso M.D.
Type 2 diabetes is more common than type 1 diabetes. While type 1 occurs mostly in childhood, due to autoimmunity(your body making antibodies to destroy your beta cells of the islets), making you to need and depend on exogenous insulin, type 2 diabetes occurs mostly in adulthood as a result of increased fat in the body that leads to diminished reponse to insulin, which is still being secreted but has become less effective in stimulating cells to take up glucose. Inflammation and toxins will also diminish the efficacy of insulin to its receptor.
Type two diabetes can be prevented by weight loss, controlled and prevented by constant exercise(physical activity) and is usually treated by drugs that bypass(circumvent) insulin and cause glucose to be taken up into your cells directly. It is more difficult to prevent type 1 diabetes, not being able to predict when it will strike and mindful of the difficulty involved in modulating immunity. Usually tests will reveal low C-peptide in blood or antibodies against beta cells of the pancreas.
Non-insulin dependent, type 2 diabetes may run in families and predictors include weight gain problems.
Some infections can damage the islet cells and produce insulin deficiency,Type 1 diabetes, in adulthood. Type 1 diabetes does occur but rarely in adulthood due to autoimmunity.
The major differentiating thing between the two types of diabetes is that in type 1 there is little insulin, while in type 2 the insulin level is too high; C-peptde is low in type 1 diabetes and high in type 2. C-peptide is made and used to synthesize insulin.
Type 2 diabetes, which is more common in adulthood, starts with frequent and profused urination, thirst and the urge to drink water too often. This is because sugar is not taken up by cells and is instead sent out in urine. The sugar caries with it a lot of water, hence the frequent urination. The thirst is to replace the water loss, to reduce the glucose hypermolarity in plasma and to correct the dehydration. Hunger, since glucose fails to enter into the cell and be converted into energy, and fatigue will follow.
Before this happens, the person will have first acummulated a lot of fat (mainly from glucose) in the body and this will have reulted in the loss of the body's capacity to accomodate additional fat. The body will have secreted more insulin in the failed attempt to alleviate the decreased glucose uptake. The insulin, which is also a ' growth hormone' will have increased the muscle mass. By this time the person has become big in size from both fat and muscle lay down. Losing weight at this stage is remedial. This is pre-diabetes.
Now, when this increase in insulin fails to cause additional fat build-up, as excess fat may have scrambled and shielded insulin receptors, glucose, from which fat comes, fails to enter the cells and instead stays in blood and is passed out in urine. At this time, the person rapidly begins to lose weight both from water loss and the inability of sugar to be taken up into cells and be converted into fat, as well as transduced into ATP for protein synthesis. Excess glucose taken up in the pancreas begins to destroy islets cells.
Weight loss will not reverse the course of the disease at this stage. Exercise(physical activity) usually sensitizes the cells to take up glucose even when insulin becomes less effective in its function and is a major factor in preventing and controlling type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Dr. Oliver Verbe Birnso M.D.
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