Posts

Showing posts from February, 2013

The Immune System Walks a Fine Line

We cannot assume that, as multicellular organisms, our other cell type cannot be foreign to our immune system and so will not be programmed for attack. In fact, our white blood cells, which do the attack, express some different sets of genes from other body cells and logically can attack our own body cells. The fact that this occurs in auto-immune diseases should be the rule rather than the exception, as we are made to believe, (putting aside the adaptation). What accounts for the apparent tolerance shown by our immune cells to our own cells is an adaptation. There is a similar tolerance shown by our immune system to 'non-disease' causing micro-organisms which inhabit our bowels. Tolerance occurs in gradation. When stimulation of the immune system is low(low dose of microbe) there is no response mounted against 'the foreign'; moderate stimulation leads to T-helper cells activation and attack; higher stimulation results in the weighing in of T-suppressor cells ...

The Ironies in Survival

How interesting, nature has ways of balancing up acts, with apparently contradictory mechanisms. For new cells to form and rejuvenate tissue, the old ones must die(tissue remodeling), hence new skin is formed only when the old one flakes off. The mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cells. It is here that food is burnt to provide energy, through the intermediary of ATP. Hence, nowhere is the function of the cell more affected biochemically than in its mitochondria. The nucleus, however, determines the overall destiny of the cell, since it here that most genes are found. Once the function of the mitochondria is severely impaired, the nucleus shuts down the cell, which eventually dies. So any damage to the mitochondria that leaves them in a state beyond repairs, immediately leads to cell death. The mitochondria will not function very well as we age. Due to the biochemical importance of mitochondria in th...