Damage Response/Recovery in Health
When the biological system encounters some sort of stress, compensation recovery systems kick in to protect the body. Once damage is done, damage recovery response is engaged. While many compensatory mechanisms are immediate and comprise mainly reflexes involving the nervous system and pre-formed hormones(neurotransmitters) and mediators, prolonged stress and damage response will involve growth factor or nucleus-acting hormone release, priming, and genetic involvement in the synthesis of effector proteins for long-term adaptation. Increased cyclic AMP fuels metabolism, needed for stress, until exhaustion of nutrients sets in. Gene regulation involves epigenetic modification, and feed-back(end-product) inhibition. There is up-regulation of heat-shock protein to fold proteins(in endoplasmic stress), anti-oxidants (in oxidative[phosphorylation] stress), immune response in infections, autophagy, repairs and apoptosis. Hence, small or ...