Health, Wellness and Fitness
Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and diabetes have all been associated with stress, inflammation and overwhelmed autophagy. Here, biological clocks are marked by altered epigenetics, shortening of telomeres and mitochondrial fission. Senescence is a characteristic of biological aging and decreased repair and growth. Infections, amyloid and stress affect senescence.
Stress comes in various forms; nutritional/metabolic, infectious, environmental, psychological and manifested by unfolding of proteins(ER stress), oxidation of tissue by reactive oxygen species, and damage.
Although the stress response sets in, it may be overwhelmed in due course and the damage becomes evident, leading to apoptosis, senescence, inflammation and inflammatory cell death. This may further lead to autoimmunity and reactive tissue growth. While senescent cells will survive and cause inflammation, they prevent out-of-control growth, characteristic of cancers, as this draws in immune cells to take care of cancerous cells.
But if connective cell tissue growth comes to dominate and prevent the access of immune cells, these senescent cells, later activated by cytokines--they themselves secrete--may take up a cancerous character, especially in a low oxygen niche. At this point, heightened stress response( unfolding response, autophagy, DNA repair) will promote cancer growth. Telomeres lengthen, epigenetics favor growth and growth cycle shortens. In addition, exogenous energy(ATP) and mitochondria are harvested from nearby healthy cells. Cancer cells win in the competition given the additional induction of inflammation and cell death in the healthy cells.
There are indeed many checkpoints(cell cycle) that must be breached or stall before disease is produced. Saying that moderation is key is not an understatement in health promotion and disease prevention. For, if the body is constantly in a stress-response mode, the biological clock will be reprogramed to accommodate this. Normal metabolism needed for daily activities will suffer. Growth will be stunted as anti-oxidation, needed for stem cell replication and the later tissue cell multiplication, is put in check. Repair of tissue equally suffers since DNA repair and misfolded protein response are taking up most of the body's resources.
Moderate food intake, exercise, psychological relaxation will program the biological clocks to anti-oxidation/ tissue repair mode. There's less DNA damage, ER stress, metabolic/nutritional stress--and sparing as resources are--stem cell/differentiated cell multiplication is limited to tissue repair, and not growth, including the excessive one as seen in cancer. Senescence from damage is controled, and fitness/youthfulness is promoted.
There are various ways to mimic or coerce the 'state of moderation' in the body. Sirtuins activators(VitB3, resveratrol), low levels of oxidants, exercise, calorie restriction, all of which activate minimal stress response, including anti-oxidation and autophagy/protein folding, DNA repairs, and metabolism to mobilize just the right amount of nutrients that prompts tissue repairs, only--less out-of-place growth.
Taken together, nutrient exhaustion or low availability, prompts tissue repair, fitness, wellness and health. Too much food supplies leads to stress(ER) and the unfolding protein response, inflammation, metabolic syndrome, excessive growth and decreased repairs. Prolonged lack of nutrients equally leads to stress and prolonged autophagy, and decreased DNA and tissue repairs.
Dr. Oliver Verbe Birnso, MD.
Stress comes in various forms; nutritional/metabolic, infectious, environmental, psychological and manifested by unfolding of proteins(ER stress), oxidation of tissue by reactive oxygen species, and damage.
Although the stress response sets in, it may be overwhelmed in due course and the damage becomes evident, leading to apoptosis, senescence, inflammation and inflammatory cell death. This may further lead to autoimmunity and reactive tissue growth. While senescent cells will survive and cause inflammation, they prevent out-of-control growth, characteristic of cancers, as this draws in immune cells to take care of cancerous cells.
But if connective cell tissue growth comes to dominate and prevent the access of immune cells, these senescent cells, later activated by cytokines--they themselves secrete--may take up a cancerous character, especially in a low oxygen niche. At this point, heightened stress response( unfolding response, autophagy, DNA repair) will promote cancer growth. Telomeres lengthen, epigenetics favor growth and growth cycle shortens. In addition, exogenous energy(ATP) and mitochondria are harvested from nearby healthy cells. Cancer cells win in the competition given the additional induction of inflammation and cell death in the healthy cells.
There are indeed many checkpoints(cell cycle) that must be breached or stall before disease is produced. Saying that moderation is key is not an understatement in health promotion and disease prevention. For, if the body is constantly in a stress-response mode, the biological clock will be reprogramed to accommodate this. Normal metabolism needed for daily activities will suffer. Growth will be stunted as anti-oxidation, needed for stem cell replication and the later tissue cell multiplication, is put in check. Repair of tissue equally suffers since DNA repair and misfolded protein response are taking up most of the body's resources.
Moderate food intake, exercise, psychological relaxation will program the biological clocks to anti-oxidation/ tissue repair mode. There's less DNA damage, ER stress, metabolic/nutritional stress--and sparing as resources are--stem cell/differentiated cell multiplication is limited to tissue repair, and not growth, including the excessive one as seen in cancer. Senescence from damage is controled, and fitness/youthfulness is promoted.
There are various ways to mimic or coerce the 'state of moderation' in the body. Sirtuins activators(VitB3, resveratrol), low levels of oxidants, exercise, calorie restriction, all of which activate minimal stress response, including anti-oxidation and autophagy/protein folding, DNA repairs, and metabolism to mobilize just the right amount of nutrients that prompts tissue repairs, only--less out-of-place growth.
Taken together, nutrient exhaustion or low availability, prompts tissue repair, fitness, wellness and health. Too much food supplies leads to stress(ER) and the unfolding protein response, inflammation, metabolic syndrome, excessive growth and decreased repairs. Prolonged lack of nutrients equally leads to stress and prolonged autophagy, and decreased DNA and tissue repairs.
Dr. Oliver Verbe Birnso, MD.
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